The year 2024 saw global financial markets navigate a landscape shaped by inflationary trends, central bank interest rate policy, and significant geopolitical events. Share markets began the year positively, supported by signs of easing inflation, particularly in Australia and the US. Investor optimism grew as expectations of future rate cuts emerged, despite inflation remaining above target levels.

Throughout the first half of the year, the US market surged, led by a wave of enthusiasm for artificial intelligence (AI) and strong corporate earnings. The rally was concentrated as the AI theme led the ‘Magnificent 7’, particularly Nvidia, to be the leading driver of rising markets. Australian shares experienced more modest gains. Throughout the rally, valuations remained elevated, and concerns about growth and inflation led to periodic volatility.

Fixed interest markets reflected these uncertainties, with bond yields rising (and bond prices falling) in the early months as central banks signalled a cautious approach to monetary easing. The US Federal Reserve (Fed) and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) were patient in their outlook, delaying rate cuts until inflation was firmly under control. This environment put pressure on interest rate-sensitive sectors like real estate and infrastructure. By mid-year, bond yields began to fall as economic data suggested a gradual weakening in growth, which tempered expectations for aggressive monetary tightening. In contrast, central banks in Europe and Canada took steps to ease policy.

The second half of 2024 was characterised by increased volatility, driven by geopolitical uncertainties, including the US Presidential Election. Investor sentiment fluctuated as weaker economic data and labour market trends heightened fears of recession and influenced expectations for interest rate cuts. The election outcome then provided a significant boost to markets, with US shares rallying and Australian markets reaching new highs. The technology and financial sectors led gains, while the resources sector faced challenges due to weak Chinese economic data and fluctuating commodity prices.

As 2024 draws to a close, global share markets are ending the year strongly, supported by expectations of eventual policy easing. Fixed interest markets reflect this optimism, with bond yields declining modestly from mid-November. In Australia, the RBA remained cautious, with rate cuts pushed into mid-2025 as inflation remains above target and the labour market remains tight.

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